vulpinic acid造句

• Poisonous lichens include those high in vulpinic acid or usnic acid.
• It is the vulpinic acid that gives it the brilliant yellow color.
• As well, there are some specimens of wila that contain toxic levels of vulpinic acid.
• The pinastric and vulpinic acids ).
• Vulpinic acid was first isolated from lichens, and is a secondary metabolite of the fungal partner.
• It is speculated that vulpinic acid's biological function is as a repellent for some herbivores.
• Most ( but not all ) lichens that contain vulpinic acid are yellow, so any yellow lichen should be considered to be potentially poisonous.
• The toxic chemical is the yellow dye vulpinic acid, which is poisonous to all meat-eaters, but not to mice and rabbits.
• Often the vulpinic acid is concentrated in the interior of each branch, and is not apparent from the colour of the surface of the lichen.
• The genus is characterized by the presence of the secondary metabolites pulvinic acid and vulpinic acid, which are derived from the shikimic acid biosynthetic pathway.
• It contains toxins ( e . g ., vulpinic acid ) to many herbivores and microbes, although there are mixed reports on actual consumption.
• "' Vulpinic acid "'is a naturally occurring pulvinic acid derivative found in several lichen species, as well as some non-lichenized fungi.
• This process of cleaning the wila is called " "'k醠ka " "'in the Secwepemc language, and likely helps to remove the toxin vulpinic acid, which is slightly water-soluble.
• A more reliable characteristic to distinguish the poisonous specimens of wila from the edible ones is that the specimens that contain vulpinic acid usually have abundant, long, yellow pseudocyphellae that twist around the main branches ( these require a hand lens to see ).